注释
第1章
1. Tim Blanning,The Pursuit of Glory(New York:Penguin Books, 2008), 52.
2.同上，53.并请参见：J. Neumann and S. Lindgrén, ‘Great Historical Events That Were Significantly Affected by the Weather:4, The Great Famines in Finland and Estonia, 1695–97’,Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society60 (1979), 775–87; Andrew B. Appleby, ‘Epidemics and Famine in the Little Ice Age’,Journal of Interdisciplinary History10:4 (1980):643–63; Cormac Gráda an d Jean-Mi che l C heve t, ‘Fa mine an d Ma r ke t inA n cien Régi meF ran ce’,Jou r na l o f Economic History62:3 (2002), 706–73.
3. Nicole Darmon et al., ‘L’insécurité alimentaire pour raisons financières en France’,Observatoire National de la Pauvreté et de l’Exclusion Sociale, https://www.xstt5.com/read/001358178ec47d2018425, accessed 4 March 2015.
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51. Lionel S. Smith and Mark D. E. Fellowes, ‘Towards a Lawn without Grass:The Journey of the Imperfect Lawn and Its Analogues’,Studies in the History of Gardens & Designed Landscape 33:3 (2013), 158–9; John Dixon Hunt and Peter Willis, ed.,The Genius of the Place:The English Landscape Garden 1620–1820, 5th edn (Cambridge, MA:MIT Press, 2000), 1–45; Anne Helmriech,The English Garden and National Identity:The Competing Styles of Garden Design 1870–1914(Cambridge:Cambridge University Press, 2002), 1–6.
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第2章
1. ‘Canis lupus’, IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, accessed 20 December 2014, http://www.xstt5.com/blog/canine-corner/201209/how-many-dogs-are-there-inthe-world；关于猫的数目，请见：Nicholas Wade, ‘DNA Traces 5 Matriarchs of 600 Million Domestic Cats’,New York Times, 29 June 2007, accessed 20 December 2014, http://www.xstt5.com/2007/06/29/health/29iht-cats.1.6406020.html；关于非洲水牛，请见：‘Syncerus caffer’, IUCN Red List of Threa- tened Species, accessed 20 December 2014, http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/21251/0；关于牛的数目，请见：David Cottle and Lewis Kahn, ed.,Beef Cattle Production and Trade(Collingwood:Csiro, 2014), 66；关于鸡的数目，请见：‘Live Animals’,Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations:Statistical Division, accessed December 20, 2014, http://faostat3.fao.org/browse/Q/QA/E；关于黑猩猩的数目，请见：‘Pan troglodytes’, IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, accessed 20 December 2014, http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/15933/0.
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8. Danny Naveh, ‘Changes in the Perception of Animals and Plants with the Shift to Agricultural Life:What Can Be Learnt from the Nayaka Case, A HunterGatherer Society from the Rain Forests of Southern India?’[in Hebrew],Animals and Society, 52 (2015):7–8.
9. Howard N. Wallace, ‘The Eden Narrative’,Harvard Semitic Monographs32 (1985), 147–81.
10. David Adams Leeming and Margaret Adams Leeming,Encyclopedia of Creation Myths(Santa Barbara:ABC-CLIO, 1994), 18; Sam D. Gill,Storytracking:Texts, Stories, and Histories in Central Australia(Oxford:Oxford University Press, 1998); Emily Miller Bonney, ‘Disarming the Snake Goddess:A Reconsideration of the Faience Figures from the Temple Repositories at Knossos’,Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology24:2 (2011), 171–90; David Leeming,The Oxford Companion to World Mythology(Oxford and New York:Oxford University Press, 2005), 350.
11. Jerome H. Barkow, Leda Cosmides and John Tooby, ed.,The Adapted Mind:Evolutionary Psychology and the Generation of Culture(Oxford:Oxford University Press, 1992); Richard W. Bloom and Nancy Dess, ed.,Evolutionary Psychology and Violence:A Primer for Policymakers and Public Policy Advocates (Westport:Praeger, 2003); Charles Crawford and Catherine Salmon, ed.,Evolutionary Psychology, Public Policy and Personal Decisions(New Jersey:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2008); Patrick McNamara and David Trumbull,An Evolutionary Psychology of Leader–Follower Relations(New York:Nova Science, 2007); Joseph P. Forgas, Martie G. Haselton and William von Hippel, ed.,Evolution and the Social Mind:Evolutionary Psychology and Social Cognition(New York:Psychology Press, 2011).
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27. Benjamin R. Foster, ed.,The Epic of Gilgamesh(New York, London:W. W. Norton, 2001), 90.
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29. Talmud Bavli, Bava Metzia, 85:71.
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31. Naveh, ‘Changes in the Perception of Animals and Plants’, 11.
第3章
1. ‘Evolution, Creationism, Intelligent Design’, Gallup, accessed 20 December 2014, http://www.xstt5.com/poll/21814/evolution-creationism-intelligentdesign.aspx; Frank Newport, ‘In US, 46 percent Hold Creationist View of Human Origins’, Gallup, 1 June 2012, accessed 21 December 2014, http://www.xstt5.com/poll/155003/hold-creationist-view-human-origins.aspx.
2. Gregg,Are Dolphins Really Smart?, 82–3.
3. Stanislas Dehaene,Consciousness and the Brain:Deciphering How the Brain Codes Our Thoughts(New York:Viking, 2014); Steven Pinker,How the Mind Works(New York:W. W. Norton, 1997).
4. Dehaene,Consciousness and the Brain.
5.有些专家可能会提到哥德尔不完备定理（G搀攀氀’s incompleteness theorem），也就是认为没有任何数学的公理（axiom）系统能够证明所有算术真理，一定会有某些真实的陈述，无法在该系统中证明。而在通俗文学里，有时候就会把这项定理挪用过来，用以说明心灵的存在。照其说法，正是因为有无法证明的事实，所以需要用心灵来处理。只不过，一般人只是想要生存和繁衍，实在看不出来为什么需要与这些神秘的数学真理扯上关系。事实上，我们绝大多数有意识的决定，都与以上这些问题完全无关。
6. Christopher Steiner,Automate This:How Algorithms Came to Rule Our World (New York:Penguin, 2012), 215; Tom Vanderbilt, ‘Let the Robot Drive:The Autonomous Car of the Future is Here’,Wired, 20 January 2012, accessed 21 December 2014, http://www.xstt5.com/2012/01/ff_autonomouscars/all/; Chris Urmson, ‘The Self-Driving Car Logs More Miles on New Wheels’, Google Official Blog, 7 August 2012, accessed 23 December 2014, http://googleblog.blogspot.hu/2012/08/the-self-driving-car-logs-more-miles-on.html; Matt Richtel and Conor Dougherty, ‘Google’s Driverless Cars Run Into Problem:Cars With Drivers’,New York Times, 1 September 2015, accessed 2 September 2015, http://www.xstt5.com/2015/09/02/technology/personaltech/google-says-its-not-the-driverless-carsfault-its-other-drivers.html?_r=1.
7. Dehaene,Consciousness and the Brain.
8. Ibid., ch. 7.
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11. Marc Bekoff, ‘Observations of Scent-Marking and Discriminating Self from Others by a Domestic Dog (Canis familiaris):Tales of Displaced Yellow Snow’,Behavioral Processes55:2 (2011), 75–9.
12.关于不同程度的自我意识，请参见：Gregg,Are Dolphins Really Smart?, 59–66.
13. Carolyn R. Raby et al., ‘Planning for the Future by Western Scrub Jays’,Nature445:7130 (2007), 919–21.
14. Michael Balter, ‘Stone-Throwing Chimp is Back – And This Time It’s Personal’,Science, 9 May 2012, accessed 21 December 2014, http://news.sciencemag.org/2012/05/stone-throwing-chimp-back-and-time-its-personal; Sara J. Shettleworth, ‘Clever Animals and Killjoy Explanations in Comparative Psychology’,Trends in Coginitive Sciences14:11 (2010), 477–81.
15. Gregg,Are Dolphins Really Smart?; Nicola S.Clayton, Timothy J. Bussey, and Anthony Dickinson, ‘Can Animals Recall the Past and Plan for the Future?’,Nature Reviews Neuroscience4:8 (2003), 685–91; William A. Roberts, ‘Are Animals Stuck in Time?’,Psychological Bulletin128:3 (2002), 473–89; Endel Tulving, ‘Episodic Memory and Autonoesis:Uniquely Human?’, inThe Missing Link in Cognition:Evolution of Self-Knowing Consciousness, ed. Herbert S. Terrace and Janet Metcalfe (Oxford:Oxford University Press), 3–56; Mariam Naqshbandi and William A. Roberts, ‘Anticipation of Future Events in Squirrel Monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) and Rats (Rattus norvegicus):Tests of the Bischof-Kohler Hypothesis’,Journal of Comparative Psychology120:4 (2006), 345–57.
16. I. B. A. Bartal, J. Decety and P. Mason, ‘Empathy and Pro-Social Behavior in Rats’,Science334:6061 (2011), 1427–30;Gregg,Are Dolphins Really Smart?, 89.
17. Karl Krall,Denkende Tiere: Beitr最攀 zur Tierseelenkunde auf Grund eigener Versuche (Leipzig: F. Engelmann, 1912).
18. Christopher B. Ruff, Erik Trinkaus and Trenton W. Holliday, ‘Body Mass and Encephalization in PleistoceneHomo’,Nature 387:6629 (1997), 173–6; Maciej Henneberg and Maryna Steyn, ‘Trends in Cranial Capacity and Cranial Index in Subsaharan Africa During the Holocene’,American Journal of Human Biology5:4 (1993), 473–9; Drew H. Bailey and David C. Geary, ‘Hominid Brain Evolution:Testing Climatic, Ecological, and Social Competition Models’,Human Nature20:1 (2009), 67–79; Daniel J. Wescott and Richard L. Jantz, ‘Assessing Craniofacial Secular Change in American Blacks and Whites Using Geometric Morphometry’, inModern Morphometrics in Physical Anthropology:Developments in Primatology:Progress and Prospects, ed. Dennis E. Slice (New York:Plenum Publishers, 2005), 231–45.
19. See also Edward O. Wilson,The Social Conquest of the Earth(New York:Liveright, 2012).
20. Cyril Edwin Black, ed.,The Transformation of Russian Society:Aspects of Social Change since 1861(Cambridge, MA:Harvard University Press, 1970), 279.
21. Tom Gallagher,Theft of a Nation:Romania since Communism(London:Hurst, 2005).
22. Robin Dunbar,Grooming, Gossip, and the Evolution of Language(Cambridge, MA:Harvard University Press, 1998).
23. TVP University, ‘Capuchin monkeys reject unequal pay’, 15 December 2012, accessed 21 December 2014, http://www.xstt5.com/watch?v=lKhAd0Tyny0.
24. Quoted in Christopher Duffy,Military Experience in the Age of Reason (London:Routledge, 2005), 98–9.
25. Serhii Ploghy,The Last Empire:The Final Days of the Soviet Union(London:Oneworld, 2014), 309.
26. ‘RIAN archive 848095 Signing the Agreement to eliminate the USSR and establish the Commonwealth of Independent States’ by RIA Novosti archive, image #848095 / U. Ivanov / CC-BY-SA 3.0.Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 via Commons, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:RIAN_archive_848095_Signing_the_Agreement_to_eliminate_the_USSR_and_establish_the_Commonwealth_of_Independent_States.jpg#/media/File:RIAN_archive_848095_Signing_the_Agreement_to_eliminate_the_USSR_and_establish_the_Commonwealth_of_Independent_States.jpg.
第4章
1. Fekri A. Hassan, ‘Holocene Lakes and Prehistoric Settlements of the Western Fayum, Egypt’,Journal of Archaeological Science 13:5 (1986), 393–504; Gunther Garbrecht, ‘Water Storage (Lake Moeris) in the Fayum Depression, Legend or Reality?’,Irrigation and Drainage Systems1:3 (1987), 143–57; Gunther Garbrecht, ‘Historical Water Storage for Irrigation in the Fayum Depression (Egypt)’,Irrigation and Drainage Systems10:1 (1996), 47–76.
2. Yehuda Bauer,A History of the Holocaust(Danbur:Franklin Watts, 2001), 249.
3. Jean C. Oi,State and Peasant in Contemporary China:The Political Economy of Village Government(Berkeley:University of California Press, 1989), 91; Jasper Becker,Hungry Ghosts:China’s Secret Famine (London:John Murray, 1996); Frank Dikkoter,Mao’s Great Famine:The History of China’s Most Devastating Catastrophe, 1958–62(London:Bloomsbury, 2010).
4. Martin Meredith,The Fate of Africa:From the Hopes of Freedom to the Heart of Despair:A History of Fifty Years of Independence(New York:Public Affairs, 2006); Sven Rydenfelt, ‘Lessons from Socialist Tanzania’,The Freeman36:9 (1986); David Blair, ‘Africa in a Nutshell’,Telegraph, 10 May 2006, accessed 22 December 2014, http://blogs.telegraph.co.uk/news/davidblair/3631941/Africa_in_a_nutshell/.
5. Roland Anthony Oliver,Africa since 1800, 5th edn (Cambridge:Cambridge University Press, 2005), 100–23; David van Reybrouck,Congo:The Epic History of a People(New York:HarperCollins, 2014), 58–9.
6. Ben Wilbrink, ‘Assessment in Historical Perspective’,Studies in Educational Evaluation23:1 (1997), 31–48.
7. M. C. Lemon,Philosophy of History(London and New York:Routledge, 2003), 28–44; Siep Stuurman, ‘Herodotus and Sima Qian:History and the Anthropological Turn in Ancient Greece and Han China’,Journal of World History19:1 (2008), 1–40.
8. William Kelly Simpson,The Literature of Ancient Egypt(Yale:Yale University Press, 1973), 332–3.
第5章
1. C. Scott Dixon,Protestants:A History from Wittenberg to Pennsylvania, 1517–1740(Chichester, UK:Wiley-Blackwell, 2010), 15; Peter W. Williams,America’s Religions:From Their Origins to the Twenty-First Century(Urbana:University of Illinois Press, 2008), 82.
2.Antichrist1by Lucas Cranach the Elder.Original uploader was Epiphyllumlover at en.wikipedia – transferred from en.wikipedia (Original text:Google Books).Licensed under Public Domain via Commons, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Antichrist1.jpg#/media/File:Antichrist1.jpg
3. Glenn Hausfater and Sarah Blaffer, ed.,Infanticide:Comparative and Evolutionary Perspectives(New York:Aldine, 1984), 449; Valeria Alia,Names and Nunavut:Culture and Identity in the Inuit Homeland(New York:Berghahn Books, 2007), 23; Lewis Petrinovich,Human Evolution, Reproduction and Morality(Cambridge, MA:MIT Press, 1998), 256; Richard A. Posner,Sex and Reason(Cambridge, MA:Harvard University Press, 1992), 289.
4. Ronald K. Delph, ‘Valla Grammaticus, Agostino Steuco, and the Donation of Constantine’,Journal of the History of Ideas57:1 (1996), 55–77; Joseph M. Levine, ‘Reginald Pecock and Lorenzo Valla on the Donation of Constantine’,Studies in the Renaissance20 (1973), 118–43.
5. Gabriele Boccaccini,Roots of Rabbinic Judaism(Cambridge: Eerdmans, 2002); Shaye J. D. Cohen,From the Maccabees to the Mishnah, 2nd edn (Louisville:Westminster John Knox Press, 2006), 153–7; Lee M. McDonald and James A. Sanders, ed.,The Canon Debate(Peabody:Hendrickson, 2002), 4.
6. Sam Harris,The Moral Landscape:How Science Can Determine Human Values(New York:Free Press, 2010).
第6章
1. Gerald S. Wilkinson, ‘The Social Organization of the Common Vampire Bat II’,Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology17:2 (1985), 123–34; Gerald S. Wilkinson, ‘Reciprocal Food Sharing in the Vampire Bat’,Nature308:5955 (1984), 181–4; Raul Flores Crespo et al., ‘Foraging Behavior of the Common Vampire Bat Related to Moonlight’,Journal of Mammalogy53:2 (1972), 366–8.
2. Goh Chin Lian, ‘Admin Service Pay:Pensions Removed, National Bonus to Replace GDP Bonus’,Straits Times, 8 April 2013, retrieved 9 February 2016, http://www.xstt5.com/singapore/admin-service-pay-pensions-removed-nationalbonus-to-replace-gdp-bonus.
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4. IPCC,Climate Change 2014:Mitigation of Climate Change – Summery for Policymakers, Ottmar Edenhofer et al., ed., (Cambridge and New York:Cambridge University Press, 2014), 6.
5. UNEP,The Emissions Gap Report 2012(Nairobi:UNEP, 2012); IEA,Energy Policies of IEA Countries:The United States(Paris:IEA, 2008).
6. For a detailed discussion see Ha-Joon Chang,23 Things They Don’t Tell You About Capitalism(New York:Bloomsbury Press, 2010).
第7章
1. Jean-Jacques Rousseau,洀椀氀攀, ou de l’éducation(Paris, 1967), 348.
2. ‘Journalists Syndicate Says Charlie Hebdo Cartoons“Hurt Feelings”, Washington Okays’,Egypt Independent, 14 January 2015, accessed 12 August 2015, http://www.xstt5.com/news/journalists-syndicate-says-charliehebdo-cartoons-per centE2per cent80per cent98hurt-feelings-washington-okays.
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10. Mark Bowden,Black Hawk Down:The Story of Modern Warfare (New York:New American Library, 2001), 301–2.
11. Adolf Hitler,Mein Kampf, trans.Ralph Manheim (Boston:Houghton Mifflin, 1943), 165.
12. Evan Osnos,Age of Ambition:Chasing Fortune, Truth and Faith in the New China(London:Vintage, 2014), 95.
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第8章
1.详细讨论请见Michael S. Gazzaniga,Who’s in Charge?: Free Will and the Science of the Brain(New York:Ecco, 2011).
2. Chun Siong Soon et al., ‘Unconscious Determinants of Free Decisions in the Human Brain’,Nature Neuroscience11:5 (2008), 543–5.See also Daniel Wegner,The Illusion of Conscious Will(Cambridge, MA:MIT Press, 2002); Benjamin Libet, ‘Unconscious Cerebral Initiative and the Role of Conscious Will in Voluntary Action’,Behavioral and Brain Sciences8 (1985), 529–66.
3. Sanjiv K. Talwar et al., ‘Rat Navigation Guided by Remote Control’,Nature417:6884 (2002), 37–8; Ben Harder, ‘Scientists“Drive”Rats by Remote Control’,National Geographic, 1 May 2012, accessed 22 December 2014, http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2002/05/0501_020501_roborats.html; Tom Clarke, ‘Here Come the Ratbots:Desire Drives Remote-Controlled Rodents’,Nature, 2 May 2002, accessed 22 December 2014, http://www.xstt5.comn.com/2012/12/04/technology-doctors-khosla; Ezra Klein, ‘How Robots Will Replace Doctors’,Washington Post, 10 January 2011, accessed 22 December 2014, http://www.xstt5.comn.com/2016/01/17/news/economy/oxfam-wealth/.
第10章
1. ‘EM spectrum’.Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 via Commons, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:EM_spectrum.svg#/media/File:EM_spectrum.svg
2. Joseph Henrich, Steven J. Heine and Ara Norenzayan, ‘The Weirdest People in the World’,Behavioral and Brain Sciences33 (2010), 61–135.
3. Benny Shanon,Antipodes of the Mind:Charting the Phenome- nology of the Ayahuasca Experience(Oxford:Oxford University Press, 2002).
4. Thomas Nagel, ‘What Is It Like to Be a Bat?’,Philosophical Review83:4 (1974), 435–50.
5. Michael J. Noad et al., ‘Cultural Revolution in Whale Songs’,Nature408:6812 (2000), 537; Nina Eriksen et al., ‘Cultural Change in the Songs of Humpback Whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) from Tonga’,Behavior142:3 (2005), 305–28; E. C. M. Parsons, A. J. Wright and M. A. Gore, ‘The Nature of Humpback Whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) Song’,Journal of Marine Animals and Their Ecology1:1 (2008), 22–31.
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然而，有些学者认为人类之所以失去强大的嗅觉能力，是因为某些更古老的进化过程。参见：Yoav Gilad et al., ‘Human Specific Loss of Olfactory Receptor Genes’,Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences100:6 (2003), 3324–7; Atushi Matsui, Yasuhiro Go and Yoshihito Niimura, ‘Degeneration of Olfactory Receptor Gene Repertories in Primates:No Direct Link to Full Trichromatic Vision’,Molecular Biology and Evolution27:5 (2010), 1192–200; Graham M. Hughes, Emma C. Teeling and Desmond G. Higgins,“Loss of Olfactory Receptor Function in Hominin Evolution”,PLOS One9:1 (2014), e84714.
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第11章
1.例如参见：Kevin Kelly,What Technology Wants(New York: Viking Press, 2010); César Hidalgo,Why Information Grows:The Evolution of Order, From Atoms to Economies(New York:Basic Books, 2015); Howard Bloom,Global Brain:The Evolution of Mass Mind from the Big Bang to the 21st Century(Hoboken:Wiley, 2001); DuBravac,Digital Destiny.
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未来简史第1章
1. Tim Blanning,The Pursuit of Glory(New York:Penguin Books, 2008), 52.
2.同上，53.并请参见：J. Neumann and S. Lindgrén, ‘Great Historical Events That Were Significantly Affected by the Weather:4, The Great Famines in Finland and Estonia, 1695–97’,Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society60 (1979), 775–87; Andrew B. Appleby, ‘Epidemics and Famine in the Little Ice Age’,Journal of Interdisciplinary History10:4 (1980):643–63; Cormac Gráda an d Jean-Mi che l C heve t, ‘Fa mine an d Ma r ke t inA n cien Régi meF ran ce’,Jou r na l o f Economic History62:3 (2002), 706–73.
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第2章
1. ‘Canis lupus’, IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, accessed 20 December 2014, http://www.xstt5.com/blog/canine-corner/201209/how-many-dogs-are-there-inthe-world；关于猫的数目，请见：Nicholas Wade, ‘DNA Traces 5 Matriarchs of 600 Million Domestic Cats’,New York Times, 29 June 2007, accessed 20 December 2014, http://www.xstt5.com/2007/06/29/health/29iht-cats.1.6406020.html；关于非洲水牛，请见：‘Syncerus caffer’, IUCN Red List of Threa- tened Species, accessed 20 December 2014, http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/21251/0；关于牛的数目，请见：David Cottle and Lewis Kahn, ed.,Beef Cattle Production and Trade(Collingwood:Csiro, 2014), 66；关于鸡的数目，请见：‘Live Animals’,Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations:Statistical Division, accessed December 20, 2014, http://faostat3.fao.org/browse/Q/QA/E；关于黑猩猩的数目，请见：‘Pan troglodytes’, IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, accessed 20 December 2014, http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/15933/0.
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第3章
1. ‘Evolution, Creationism, Intelligent Design’, Gallup, accessed 20 December 2014, http://www.xstt5.com/poll/21814/evolution-creationism-intelligentdesign.aspx; Frank Newport, ‘In US, 46 percent Hold Creationist View of Human Origins’, Gallup, 1 June 2012, accessed 21 December 2014, http://www.xstt5.com/poll/155003/hold-creationist-view-human-origins.aspx.
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3. Stanislas Dehaene,Consciousness and the Brain:Deciphering How the Brain Codes Our Thoughts(New York:Viking, 2014); Steven Pinker,How the Mind Works(New York:W. W. Norton, 1997).
4. Dehaene,Consciousness and the Brain.
5.有些专家可能会提到哥德尔不完备定理（G搀攀氀’s incompleteness theorem），也就是认为没有任何数学的公理（axiom）系统能够证明所有算术真理，一定会有某些真实的陈述，无法在该系统中证明。而在通俗文学里，有时候就会把这项定理挪用过来，用以说明心灵的存在。照其说法，正是因为有无法证明的事实，所以需要用心灵来处理。只不过，一般人只是想要生存和繁衍，实在看不出来为什么需要与这些神秘的数学真理扯上关系。事实上，我们绝大多数有意识的决定，都与以上这些问题完全无关。
6. Christopher Steiner,Automate This:How Algorithms Came to Rule Our World (New York:Penguin, 2012), 215; Tom Vanderbilt, ‘Let the Robot Drive:The Autonomous Car of the Future is Here’,Wired, 20 January 2012, accessed 21 December 2014, http://www.xstt5.com/2012/01/ff_autonomouscars/all/; Chris Urmson, ‘The Self-Driving Car Logs More Miles on New Wheels’, Google Official Blog, 7 August 2012, accessed 23 December 2014, http://googleblog.blogspot.hu/2012/08/the-self-driving-car-logs-more-miles-on.html; Matt Richtel and Conor Dougherty, ‘Google’s Driverless Cars Run Into Problem:Cars With Drivers’,New York Times, 1 September 2015, accessed 2 September 2015, http://www.xstt5.com/2015/09/02/technology/personaltech/google-says-its-not-the-driverless-carsfault-its-other-drivers.html?_r=1.
7. Dehaene,Consciousness and the Brain.
8. Ibid., ch. 7.
9. ‘The Cambridge Declaration on Consciousness’, 7 July 2012, accessed 21 December 2014, https://web.archive.org/web/20131109230457/http://fcmconference.org/img/CambridgeDeclarationOnConsciousness.pdf.
10. John F. Cyran, Rita J. Valentino and Irwin Lucki, ‘Assessing Substrates Underlying the Behavioral Effects of Antidepressants Using the Modified Rat Forced Swimming Test’,Neuroscience and Behavioral Reviews, 29:4–5 (2005), 569–74; Benoi t Pe ti t-De mou li ère, F ran k C henu an d Mi che l Bou rin, ‘Fo r ce d S wi m ming Te s t in Mice:A Review of Antidepressant Activity’,Psychopharmacology177:3 (2005), 245–55; Leda S. B. Garcia et al.,‘Acute Administration of Ketamine Induces Antidepressant-like Effects in the Forced Swimming Test and Increases BDNF Levels in the Rat Hippocampus’,Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry 32:1 (2008), 140–4; John F. Cryan, Cedric Mombereau and Annick Vassout, ‘The Tail Suspension Test as a Model for Assessing Antidepressant Activity:Review of Pharmacological and Genetic Studies in Mice’,Neuroscience and Behavioral Reviews29:4–5 (2005), 571–625; James J. Crowley, Julie A. Blendy and Irwin Lucki, ‘Strain-dependent Antidepressant-like Effects of Citalopram in the Mouse Tail Suspension Test’,Psychopharmacology183:2 (2005), 257–64; Juan C. Brenes, Michael Padilla and Jaime Fornaguera, ‘A Detailed Analysis of OpenField Habituation and Behavioral and Neurochemical Antidepressant-like Effects in Postweaning Enriched Rats’,Behavioral Brain Research197:1 (2009), 125–37; Juan Carlos Brenes Sáenz, Odir Rodríguez Villagra and Jaime Fornaguera Trías, ‘Factor Analysis of Forced Swimming Test, Sucrose Preference Test and Open Field Test on Enriched, Social and Isolated Reared Rats’,Behavioral Brain Research169:1 (2006), 57–65.
11. Marc Bekoff, ‘Observations of Scent-Marking and Discriminating Self from Others by a Domestic Dog (Canis familiaris):Tales of Displaced Yellow Snow’,Behavioral Processes55:2 (2011), 75–9.
12.关于不同程度的自我意识，请参见：Gregg,Are Dolphins Really Smart?, 59–66.
13. Carolyn R. Raby et al., ‘Planning for the Future by Western Scrub Jays’,Nature445:7130 (2007), 919–21.
14. Michael Balter, ‘Stone-Throwing Chimp is Back – And This Time It’s Personal’,Science, 9 May 2012, accessed 21 December 2014, http://news.sciencemag.org/2012/05/stone-throwing-chimp-back-and-time-its-personal; Sara J. Shettleworth, ‘Clever Animals and Killjoy Explanations in Comparative Psychology’,Trends in Coginitive Sciences14:11 (2010), 477–81.
15. Gregg,Are Dolphins Really Smart?; Nicola S.Clayton, Timothy J. Bussey, and Anthony Dickinson, ‘Can Animals Recall the Past and Plan for the Future?’,Nature Reviews Neuroscience4:8 (2003), 685–91; William A. Roberts, ‘Are Animals Stuck in Time?’,Psychological Bulletin128:3 (2002), 473–89; Endel Tulving, ‘Episodic Memory and Autonoesis:Uniquely Human?’, inThe Missing Link in Cognition:Evolution of Self-Knowing Consciousness, ed. Herbert S. Terrace and Janet Metcalfe (Oxford:Oxford University Press), 3–56; Mariam Naqshbandi and William A. Roberts, ‘Anticipation of Future Events in Squirrel Monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) and Rats (Rattus norvegicus):Tests of the Bischof-Kohler Hypothesis’,Journal of Comparative Psychology120:4 (2006), 345–57.
16. I. B. A. Bartal, J. Decety and P. Mason, ‘Empathy and Pro-Social Behavior in Rats’,Science334:6061 (2011), 1427–30;Gregg,Are Dolphins Really Smart?, 89.
17. Karl Krall,Denkende Tiere: Beitr最攀 zur Tierseelenkunde auf Grund eigener Versuche (Leipzig: F. Engelmann, 1912).
18. Christopher B. Ruff, Erik Trinkaus and Trenton W. Holliday, ‘Body Mass and Encephalization in PleistoceneHomo’,Nature 387:6629 (1997), 173–6; Maciej Henneberg and Maryna Steyn, ‘Trends in Cranial Capacity and Cranial Index in Subsaharan Africa During the Holocene’,American Journal of Human Biology5:4 (1993), 473–9; Drew H. Bailey and David C. Geary, ‘Hominid Brain Evolution:Testing Climatic, Ecological, and Social Competition Models’,Human Nature20:1 (2009), 67–79; Daniel J. Wescott and Richard L. Jantz, ‘Assessing Craniofacial Secular Change in American Blacks and Whites Using Geometric Morphometry’, inModern Morphometrics in Physical Anthropology:Developments in Primatology:Progress and Prospects, ed. Dennis E. Slice (New York:Plenum Publishers, 2005), 231–45.
19. See also Edward O. Wilson,The Social Conquest of the Earth(New York:Liveright, 2012).
20. Cyril Edwin Black, ed.,The Transformation of Russian Society:Aspects of Social Change since 1861(Cambridge, MA:Harvard University Press, 1970), 279.
21. Tom Gallagher,Theft of a Nation:Romania since Communism(London:Hurst, 2005).
22. Robin Dunbar,Grooming, Gossip, and the Evolution of Language(Cambridge, MA:Harvard University Press, 1998).
23. TVP University, ‘Capuchin monkeys reject unequal pay’, 15 December 2012, accessed 21 December 2014, http://www.xstt5.com/watch?v=lKhAd0Tyny0.
24. Quoted in Christopher Duffy,Military Experience in the Age of Reason (London:Routledge, 2005), 98–9.
25. Serhii Ploghy,The Last Empire:The Final Days of the Soviet Union(London:Oneworld, 2014), 309.
26. ‘RIAN archive 848095 Signing the Agreement to eliminate the USSR and establish the Commonwealth of Independent States’ by RIA Novosti archive, image #848095 / U. Ivanov / CC-BY-SA 3.0.Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 via Commons, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:RIAN_archive_848095_Signing_the_Agreement_to_eliminate_the_USSR_and_establish_the_Commonwealth_of_Independent_States.jpg#/media/File:RIAN_archive_848095_Signing_the_Agreement_to_eliminate_the_USSR_and_establish_the_Commonwealth_of_Independent_States.jpg.
第4章
1. Fekri A. Hassan, ‘Holocene Lakes and Prehistoric Settlements of the Western Fayum, Egypt’,Journal of Archaeological Science 13:5 (1986), 393–504; Gunther Garbrecht, ‘Water Storage (Lake Moeris) in the Fayum Depression, Legend or Reality?’,Irrigation and Drainage Systems1:3 (1987), 143–57; Gunther Garbrecht, ‘Historical Water Storage for Irrigation in the Fayum Depression (Egypt)’,Irrigation and Drainage Systems10:1 (1996), 47–76.
2. Yehuda Bauer,A History of the Holocaust(Danbur:Franklin Watts, 2001), 249.
3. Jean C. Oi,State and Peasant in Contemporary China:The Political Economy of Village Government(Berkeley:University of California Press, 1989), 91; Jasper Becker,Hungry Ghosts:China’s Secret Famine (London:John Murray, 1996); Frank Dikkoter,Mao’s Great Famine:The History of China’s Most Devastating Catastrophe, 1958–62(London:Bloomsbury, 2010).
4. Martin Meredith,The Fate of Africa:From the Hopes of Freedom to the Heart of Despair:A History of Fifty Years of Independence(New York:Public Affairs, 2006); Sven Rydenfelt, ‘Lessons from Socialist Tanzania’,The Freeman36:9 (1986); David Blair, ‘Africa in a Nutshell’,Telegraph, 10 May 2006, accessed 22 December 2014, http://blogs.telegraph.co.uk/news/davidblair/3631941/Africa_in_a_nutshell/.
5. Roland Anthony Oliver,Africa since 1800, 5th edn (Cambridge:Cambridge University Press, 2005), 100–23; David van Reybrouck,Congo:The Epic History of a People(New York:HarperCollins, 2014), 58–9.
6. Ben Wilbrink, ‘Assessment in Historical Perspective’,Studies in Educational Evaluation23:1 (1997), 31–48.
7. M. C. Lemon,Philosophy of History(London and New York:Routledge, 2003), 28–44; Siep Stuurman, ‘Herodotus and Sima Qian:History and the Anthropological Turn in Ancient Greece and Han China’,Journal of World History19:1 (2008), 1–40.
8. William Kelly Simpson,The Literature of Ancient Egypt(Yale:Yale University Press, 1973), 332–3.
第5章
1. C. Scott Dixon,Protestants:A History from Wittenberg to Pennsylvania, 1517–1740(Chichester, UK:Wiley-Blackwell, 2010), 15; Peter W. Williams,America’s Religions:From Their Origins to the Twenty-First Century(Urbana:University of Illinois Press, 2008), 82.
2.Antichrist1by Lucas Cranach the Elder.Original uploader was Epiphyllumlover at en.wikipedia – transferred from en.wikipedia (Original text:Google Books).Licensed under Public Domain via Commons, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Antichrist1.jpg#/media/File:Antichrist1.jpg
3. Glenn Hausfater and Sarah Blaffer, ed.,Infanticide:Comparative and Evolutionary Perspectives(New York:Aldine, 1984), 449; Valeria Alia,Names and Nunavut:Culture and Identity in the Inuit Homeland(New York:Berghahn Books, 2007), 23; Lewis Petrinovich,Human Evolution, Reproduction and Morality(Cambridge, MA:MIT Press, 1998), 256; Richard A. Posner,Sex and Reason(Cambridge, MA:Harvard University Press, 1992), 289.
4. Ronald K. Delph, ‘Valla Grammaticus, Agostino Steuco, and the Donation of Constantine’,Journal of the History of Ideas57:1 (1996), 55–77; Joseph M. Levine, ‘Reginald Pecock and Lorenzo Valla on the Donation of Constantine’,Studies in the Renaissance20 (1973), 118–43.
5. Gabriele Boccaccini,Roots of Rabbinic Judaism(Cambridge: Eerdmans, 2002); Shaye J. D. Cohen,From the Maccabees to the Mishnah, 2nd edn (Louisville:Westminster John Knox Press, 2006), 153–7; Lee M. McDonald and James A. Sanders, ed.,The Canon Debate(Peabody:Hendrickson, 2002), 4.
6. Sam Harris,The Moral Landscape:How Science Can Determine Human Values(New York:Free Press, 2010).
第6章
1. Gerald S. Wilkinson, ‘The Social Organization of the Common Vampire Bat II’,Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology17:2 (1985), 123–34; Gerald S. Wilkinson, ‘Reciprocal Food Sharing in the Vampire Bat’,Nature308:5955 (1984), 181–4; Raul Flores Crespo et al., ‘Foraging Behavior of the Common Vampire Bat Related to Moonlight’,Journal of Mammalogy53:2 (1972), 366–8.
2. Goh Chin Lian, ‘Admin Service Pay:Pensions Removed, National Bonus to Replace GDP Bonus’,Straits Times, 8 April 2013, retrieved 9 February 2016, http://www.xstt5.com/singapore/admin-service-pay-pensions-removed-nationalbonus-to-replace-gdp-bonus.
3. Edward Wong, ‘In China, Breathing Becomes a Childhood Risk’,New York Times, 22 April 2013, accessed 22 December 2014, http://www.xstt5.com/2013/04/23/world/asia/pollution-is-radically-changing-childhood-in-chinascities.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0; Barbara Demick, ‘China Entrepreneurs Cash in on Air Pollution’,Los Angeles Times, 2 February 2013, accessed 22 December 2014, http://articles.latimes.com/2013/feb/02/world/la-fg-china-pollution-20130203.
4. IPCC,Climate Change 2014:Mitigation of Climate Change – Summery for Policymakers, Ottmar Edenhofer et al., ed., (Cambridge and New York:Cambridge University Press, 2014), 6.
5. UNEP,The Emissions Gap Report 2012(Nairobi:UNEP, 2012); IEA,Energy Policies of IEA Countries:The United States(Paris:IEA, 2008).
6. For a detailed discussion see Ha-Joon Chang,23 Things They Don’t Tell You About Capitalism(New York:Bloomsbury Press, 2010).
第7章
1. Jean-Jacques Rousseau,洀椀氀攀, ou de l’éducation(Paris, 1967), 348.
2. ‘Journalists Syndicate Says Charlie Hebdo Cartoons“Hurt Feelings”, Washington Okays’,Egypt Independent, 14 January 2015, accessed 12 August 2015, http://www.xstt5.com/news/journalists-syndicate-says-charliehebdo-cartoons-per centE2per cent80per cent98hurt-feelings-washington-okays.
3. Naomi Darom, ‘Evolution on Steroids’,Haaretz, 13 June 2014 .
4. Walter Horace Bruford,The German Tradition of Self-Cultiva- tion: ‘Bildung’ from Humboldt to Thomas Mann(London, New York:Cambridge University Press, 1975), 24, 25.
5. ‘All-Time 100 TV Shows:Survivor’,Time, 6 September 2007, retrieved 12 August 2015, http://time.com/3103831/survivor/.
6. Phil Klay,Redeployment(London:Canongate, 2015), 170.
7. Yuval Noah Harari,The Ultimate Experience:Battlefield Revelations and the Making of Modern War Culture, 1450–2000(Houndmills:Palgrave Macmillan, 2008); Yuval Noah Harari, ‘Armchairs, Coffee and Authority:Eye-witnesses and Flesh-witnesses Speak about War, 1100–2000’,Journal of Military History74:1 (January 2010), 53–78.
8. ‘Angela Merkel Attacked over Crying Refugee Girl’, BBC, 17 July 2015, accessed 12 August 2015, http://www.xstt5.com/news/world-europe-33555619.
9. Laurence Housman,War Letters of Fallen Englishm en (Philadelphia:University of Pennsylvania State, 2002), 159.
10. Mark Bowden,Black Hawk Down:The Story of Modern Warfare (New York:New American Library, 2001), 301–2.
11. Adolf Hitler,Mein Kampf, trans.Ralph Manheim (Boston:Houghton Mifflin, 1943), 165.
12. Evan Osnos,Age of Ambition:Chasing Fortune, Truth and Faith in the New China(London:Vintage, 2014), 95.
13. Mark Harrison, ed.,The Economics of World War II:Six Great Powers in International Comparison(Cambridge:Cambridge University Press, 1998), 3–10; John Ellis,World War II:A Statistical Survey(New York:Facts on File, 1993); I. C. B Dear, ed.,The Oxford Companion to the Second World War(Oxford:Oxford University Press, 1995).
14. ‘Saigon-hubert-van-es’ by Source.Licensed under fair use via Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Saigon-hubert-van-es.jpg#/media/File:Saigonhubert-van-es.jpg.
15. Donna Haraway, ‘A Cyborg Manifesto:Science, Technology, and SocialistFeminism in the Late Twentieth Century’, inSimians, Cyborgs and Women:The Reinvention of Nature, ed. Donna Haraway (New York:Routledge, 1991), 149–81.
第8章
1.详细讨论请见Michael S. Gazzaniga,Who’s in Charge?: Free Will and the Science of the Brain(New York:Ecco, 2011).
2. Chun Siong Soon et al., ‘Unconscious Determinants of Free Decisions in the Human Brain’,Nature Neuroscience11:5 (2008), 543–5.See also Daniel Wegner,The Illusion of Conscious Will(Cambridge, MA:MIT Press, 2002); Benjamin Libet, ‘Unconscious Cerebral Initiative and the Role of Conscious Will in Voluntary Action’,Behavioral and Brain Sciences8 (1985), 529–66.
3. Sanjiv K. Talwar et al., ‘Rat Navigation Guided by Remote Control’,Nature417:6884 (2002), 37–8; Ben Harder, ‘Scientists“Drive”Rats by Remote Control’,National Geographic, 1 May 2012, accessed 22 December 2014, http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2002/05/0501_020501_roborats.html; Tom Clarke, ‘Here Come the Ratbots:Desire Drives Remote-Controlled Rodents’,Nature, 2 May 2002, accessed 22 December 2014, http://www.xstt5.comn.com/2012/12/04/technology-doctors-khosla; Ezra Klein, ‘How Robots Will Replace Doctors’,Washington Post, 10 January 2011, accessed 22 December 2014, http://www.xstt5.comn.com/2016/01/17/news/economy/oxfam-wealth/.
第10章
1. ‘EM spectrum’.Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 via Commons, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:EM_spectrum.svg#/media/File:EM_spectrum.svg
2. Joseph Henrich, Steven J. Heine and Ara Norenzayan, ‘The Weirdest People in the World’,Behavioral and Brain Sciences33 (2010), 61–135.
3. Benny Shanon,Antipodes of the Mind:Charting the Phenome- nology of the Ayahuasca Experience(Oxford:Oxford University Press, 2002).
4. Thomas Nagel, ‘What Is It Like to Be a Bat?’,Philosophical Review83:4 (1974), 435–50.
5. Michael J. Noad et al., ‘Cultural Revolution in Whale Songs’,Nature408:6812 (2000), 537; Nina Eriksen et al., ‘Cultural Change in the Songs of Humpback Whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) from Tonga’,Behavior142:3 (2005), 305–28; E. C. M. Parsons, A. J. Wright and M. A. Gore, ‘The Nature of Humpback Whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) Song’,Journal of Marine Animals and Their Ecology1:1 (2008), 22–31.
6. C. Bushdid et al., ‘Human can Discriminate More than 1 Trillion Olfactory Stimuli’,Science343:6177 (2014),1370–2; Peter A. Brennan and Frank Zufall, ‘Pheromonal Communication in Vertebrates’,Nature444:7117 (2006), 308–15; Jianzhi Zhang and David M. Webb, ‘Evolutionary Deterioration of the Vomeronasal Pheromone Transduction Pathway in Catarrhine Primates’,Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences100:14 (2003), 8337–41; Bettina Beer, ‘Smell, Person, Space and Memory’,Experiencing New Worlds, ed. Jurg Wassmann and Kathrina Stockhaus (New York:Berghahn Books, 2007), 187–200; Niclas Burenhult and Majid Asifa, ‘Olfaction in Aslian Ideology and Language’,Sense and Society6:1 (2011), 19–29; Constance Classen, David Howes and Anthony Synnott,Aroma:The Cultural History of Smell(London:Routledge, 1994); Amy Pei-jung Lee, ‘Reduplication and Odor in Four Formosan Languages’,Language and Linguistics 11:1 (2010):99–126;Walter E. A. van Beek, ‘The Dirty Smith:Smell as a Social Frontier among the Kapsiki/Higi of North Cameroon and North-Eastern Nigeria’,Africa62:1 (1992), 38–58; Ewelina Wnuk and Asifa Majid, ‘Revisiting the Limits of Language:The Odor Lexicon of Maniq’,Cognition131 (2014), 125–38.
然而，有些学者认为人类之所以失去强大的嗅觉能力，是因为某些更古老的进化过程。参见：Yoav Gilad et al., ‘Human Specific Loss of Olfactory Receptor Genes’,Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences100:6 (2003), 3324–7; Atushi Matsui, Yasuhiro Go and Yoshihito Niimura, ‘Degeneration of Olfactory Receptor Gene Repertories in Primates:No Direct Link to Full Trichromatic Vision’,Molecular Biology and Evolution27:5 (2010), 1192–200; Graham M. Hughes, Emma C. Teeling and Desmond G. Higgins,“Loss of Olfactory Receptor Function in Hominin Evolution”,PLOS One9:1 (2014), e84714.
7. Matthew Crawford,The World Beyond Your Head:How to Flourish in an Age of Distraction(London:Viking, 2015).
8. Turnbull and Solms,TheBrain and the Inner World, 136–59; Kelly Bulkeley,Visions of the Night:Dreams, Religion and Psychology(New York:State University of New York Press, 1999); Andreas Mavrematis,Hypnogogia:The Unique State of Consciousness Between Wakefulness and Sleep(London:Routledge, 1987); Brigitte Holzinger, Stephen LaBerge and Lynn Levitan, ‘Psychophysiological Correlates of Lucid Dreaming’,American Psychological Association16:2 (2006):88–95; Watanabe Tsuneo, ‘Lucid Dreaming:Its Experimental Proof and Psychological Conditions’,Journal of International Society of Life Information Science21:1 (2003):159–62; Victor I. Spoormaker and Jan van den Bout, ‘Lucid Dreaming Treatment for Nightmares:A Pilot Study’,Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics75:6 (2006):389–94.
第11章
1.例如参见：Kevin Kelly,What Technology Wants(New York: Viking Press, 2010); César Hidalgo,Why Information Grows:The Evolution of Order, From Atoms to Economies(New York:Basic Books, 2015); Howard Bloom,Global Brain:The Evolution of Mass Mind from the Big Bang to the 21st Century(Hoboken:Wiley, 2001); DuBravac,Digital Destiny.
2. Friedrich Hayek, ‘The Use of Knowledge in Society,’American Economic Review35:4 (1945):519–30.
3. Kiyohiko G. Nishimura,Imperfect Competition Differential Information and the Macro-foundations of Macro-economy (Oxford:Oxford University Press, 1992); Frank M. Machovec,Perfect Competition and the Transformation of Economics(London:Routledge, 2002); Frank V. Mastrianna,Basic Economics, 16th edn (Mason:South-Western, 2010), 78–89; Zhiwu Chen, ‘Freedom of Information and the Economic Future of Hong Kong’,Hong Kong Centre for Economic Research74 (2003); Randall Morck, Bernard Yeung and Wayne Yu, ‘The Information Content of Stock Markets:Why Do Emerging Markets Have Synchronous Stock Price Movements?’,Journal of Financial Economics58:1 (2000), 215–60; Louis H. Ederington and Jae Ha Lee, ‘How Markets Process Information:News Releases and Volatility’,Journal of Finance48:4 (1993), 1161–91; Mark L. Mitchell and J. Harold Mulherin, ‘The Impact of Public Information on the Stock Market’,Journal of Finance49:3 (1994):923–50; Jean-Jacques Laffont and Eric S. Maskin, ‘The Efficient Market Hypothesis and Insider Trading on the Stock Market’,Journal of Political Economy98:1 (1990), 70–93; Steven R. Salbu, ‘Differentiated Perspectives on Insider Trading:The Effect of Paradigm Selection on Policy’,St John’s Law Review66:2 (1992), 373–405.
4. Valery N. Soyfer, ‘New Light on the Lysenko Era’,Nature339:6224 (1989), 415–20; Nils Roll-Hansen, ‘Wishful Science:The Persistence of T. D. Lysenko’s Agrobiology in the Politics of Science’,Osiris23:1 (2008), 166–88.
5. William H. McNeill and J. R. McNeill,The Human Web:A Bird’s-Eye View of World History (New York:W. W. Norton, 2003).
6. Aaron Swartz, ‘Guerilla Open Access Manifesto’, July 2008, accessed 22 December 2014, https://ia700808.us.archive.org/17/items/GuerillaOpenAccessManifesto/Goamjuly2008.pdf; Sam Gustin, ‘Aaron Swartz, Tech Prodigy and Internet Activist, Is Dead at 26’,Time, 13 January 2013, accessed 22 December 2014, http://business.time.com/2013/01/13/tech-prodigy-and-internetactivist-aaron-swartz-commits-suicide; Todd Leopold, ‘How Aaron Swartz Helped Build the Internet’, CNN, 15 January 2013, 22 December 2014, http://edition.cnn.com/2013/01/15/tech/web/aaron-swartz-internet/; Declan McCullagh, ‘Swartz Didn’t Face Prison until Feds Took Over Case, Report Says’, CNET, 25 January 2013, accessed 22 December 2014, http://news.cnet.com/8301–13578_3–57565927–38/swartz-didnt-face-prison-until-feds-took-over-case-report-says/.
7. John Sousanis, ‘World Vehicle Population Tops 1 Billion Units’,Wardsauto, 15 August 2011, accessed 3 December 2015, http://wardsauto.com/news-analysis/world-vehicle-population-tops-1-billion-units.
8. ‘No More Woof’, https://www.xstt5.com/projects/no-more-woof.